Hamilton, Ontario, has a long history. The beginnings of its wastewater system date back more than 160 years, but its future is taking a divergent path thanks to a program that started just a decade ago.
The port city is situated on the western side of Lake Ontario with a population of 550,000 people. The Niagara Escarpment runs through the middle of the city across its entire breadth, producing roughly 92 miles of watercourses that flow through Hamilton and naturally feed into Lake Ontario. Protecting them is a significant concern.
The city has two types of sewer systems: a separated system with separate lines
