It’s amazing sometimes to think of what used to get buried in the name of water and sewer piping (especially sewer) back in the old days as cities grew.Clay and concrete piping with multiple joints. Wooden pipes. Brick sewers. Orangeburg. It makes you wonder if anyone back then thought about the long-term costs, let alone consequences, of using materials so obviously prone to degradation from all those forces underground: settling, heaving, freezing, thawing, erosion, decay, corrosion, root intrusion.Now, as the nation’s utilities and municipalities methodically go back over what was done 40, 60, 80, or 100 years ago, there’s an






