Pipe restraints in water and wastewater systems ensure that pipe joints stay connected and that systems keep working properly, but there are many factors that determine when and how restraint systems should be used.
Restraint of inline piping is widely used and has become standard procedure among many city and project engineers. Mechanical pipe connections such as 45s, 90s, end caps and hydrant connections are common points of restraint, as are connections in lift stations and treatment plants.
Instead of using restraints for specific applications, some engineers use them throughout force main systems. However, adding restraints in this way can increase project costs
